The Effect of Realia-Based Instructional Media on Science Learning Outcomes in the Topic of Pure Substances and Mixtures among Fifth-Grade Elementary Students
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This study aimed to analyze the effect of realia-based instructional media on fifth-grade students' science learning outcomes in the topic of pure substances and mixtures at SD Muhammadiyah Terpadu Ponorogo. This quantitative study used a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 28 fifth-grade students of class Al Huda, consisting of 14 male and 14 female students. The intervention was implemented through science learning using real objects relevant to the topic of pure substances and mixtures, such as water, salt, sugar, flour, glasses, and spoons. The research instrument was a science learning outcome test administered before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and paired sample t-test. The results showed that the mean pretest score was 69.29 and increased to 83.57 in the posttest, with a mean difference of 14.28 points. The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the difference scores were normally distributed (p = 0.096). The paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores, t(27) = 25.62, p < 0.001. These findings indicate that realia-based instructional media had a positive and significant effect on students' science learning outcomes. Therefore, realia can be used as a concrete instructional medium to strengthen conceptual understanding in elementary science learning.
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